Is Joe Biden right that Republicans “would cut Social Security benefits”?

President Joe Biden said Republicans intend to chop Social Security.

"Their plan would cut Social Security benefits," Biden said Nov. 27 during a White House event. "I thought (Republicans) agreed not to do this a couple times. But they’re back at it. Average benefit cut would be 13%."

Almost 67 million Americans this year will receive Social Security payments, totaling about $1 trillion. Many older Americans rely on the benefits to pay their basic living expenses. People can start receiving Social Security retirement benefits at age 62, but full benefits kick in when they turn 67.

Social Security is funded through the payroll tax; that revenue is put into trust funds to pay for current beneficiaries. These trust funds could be depleted as early as 2032 if further action is not taken. That could mean that in about a decade, monthly checks could be reduced by about 23%.

But because of its widespread support among older Americans — who usually have the highest voter turnout — Social Security has long been known as the "third rail of politics." Many politicians in both parties are reluctant to broach major structural changes.

In his 2023 State of the Union address, Biden seemed to cow Republican lawmakers in the audience into pledging not to cut benefits. That nationally televised faceoff set the table for Biden’s criticism on Nov. 27.

The White House told PolitiFact that Biden was referring to a budget proposed in June by the Republican Study Committee, a group of conservatives in the House GOP.

That proposal opens the door to Social Security cuts, but its effects are far less clear or specific than Biden portrayed. Republicans said it would not affect people who are near retirement or have retired, which Biden left out. He also omitted important context about what could happen to Social Security under his own plan.

The Republican Study Committee did not answer an inquiry for this article.

In its 167-page fiscal year 2024 budget proposal, the Republican Study Committee backed some changes to Social Security’s structure that it said would preserve the program’s fiscal health.

The group said it would "make modest changes" in the benefit formula for "individuals who are not near retirement" and are on the income scale’s higher end. It also said it would make "modest adjustments" to the retirement age for full benefits "to account for increases in life expectancy." And the budget said it would phase out "auxiliary benefits" for high earners.

The proposal would cut benefits, at least for some people.

In its proposed budget, the Republican Study Committee emphasized that its proposal "does not cut or delay retirement benefits for any senior in or near retirement," and Biden did not repeat this caveat.

However, the flip side of the group’s pledge is that younger Americans would see reductions under the group’s plan.

In an analysis of the proposal for PolitiFact, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget — a fiscally hawkish group that tracks budget matters — said it is "generally true that an increase in the full retirement age is roughly equivalent to an across-the-board cut in benefits."

For instance, if people want to retire at 67, but the age for receiving full benefits is raised to 69, they can still choose to retire at 67, but if they do, they will have to accept a lower monthly payment than before the age was raised.